The growing weight of evidence and the recognition of children’s rights have brought us to a historical point. 1 These three forces - research, the convention and law reform - have altered the landscape of physical punishment. Today, research showing the risks associated with physical punishment is robust, the convention has been integrated into the legal and policy frameworks of many nations, and 31 countries have enacted prohibitions against the physical punishment of children. In 1990, research showing an association between physical punishment and negative developmental outcomes was starting to accumulate, and the Convention on the Rights of the Child had just been adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations however, only four countries had prohibited physical punishment in all settings.īy 2000, research was proliferating, and the convention had been ratified by 191 of the world’s 196 countries, 11 of which had prohibited all physical punishment. Over the past two decades, we have seen an international shift in perspectives concerning the physical punishment of children.
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